Edge computing enables localized data processing, which significantly reduces latency and optimizes bandwidth usage. This paper presents a systematic review of edge computing in energy distribution systems. The introduction of edge computing in UPIoT fully meets the requirements of rapid response, real-time perception, and to some extent, privacy protection. This paper is a survey of the existing potential in energy-efficient edge-enabled IoT systems. We. These smart devices are typically employed to sense various environmental characteristics, including temperature, motion of objects, and occupancy, and transfer their values to the nearest access points for further analysis.